When QGIS starts, you are presented with the GUI as shown in the figure (the numbers 1 through 5 in yellow circles are discussed below).
Figure QGIS GUI 1:
QGIS GUI with Alaska sample data
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Jendela dekorasi Anda (judul bar , dll) dapat terlihat berbeda tergantung pada sistem operasi dan window manager Anda .
The QGIS GUI is divided into five areas:
Bar Menu
Tampilan Peta
These five components of the QGIS interface are described in more detail in the following sections. Two more sections present keyboard shortcuts and context help.
From the View menu (Settings under KDE), you can switch on and off QGIS widgets (Panels ‣) or toolbars (Toolbars ‣). You can (de)activate any of them by right-clicking the menu bar or a toolbar and choose the item you want. Each panel or toolbar can be moved and placed wherever you feel comfortable with in QGIS interface. The list can also be extended with the activation of Core or external plugins.
Toolbar menyediakan akses ke sebagian besar fungsi yang sama seperti menu, ditambah alat tambahan untuk berinteraksi dengan peta. Setiap item toolbar memiliki popup bantuan yang tersedia. Tahan tetikus anda ke atas item dan deskripsi singkat mengenai tujuan alat itu akan ditampilkan.
Every toolbar can be moved around according to your needs. Additionally, they can be switched off using the right mouse button context menu, or by holding the mouse over the toolbars.
Figure Toolbars:
The Toolbars menu
Tip
Mengembalikan toolbar
If you have accidentally hidden a toolbar, you can get it back by choosing menu option View ‣ Toolbars ‣ (or Settings ‣ Toolbars ‣ under Linux KDE). If for some reason a toolbar (or any other widget) totally disappears from the interface, you’ll find tips to get it back at restoring initial GUI.
QGIS provides by default many panels to work with.
Figure Panels:
The Panels menu
Some of these panels are described below while others may be found in different parts of the document, namely:
The layers panel lists all the layers in the project. The checkbox in each legend entry can be used to show or hide the layer. The toolbar in the layers panel allows you to:
Figure Layer tools Bar:
Layer Toolbar in Layers Panel
The button allows you to add Presets views in the legend.
Presets are a way to save and easily restore a combination of layers with their
current style. To add a preset view, just set visible the layers you want, with
their desired symbology, and click on
button.
Choose Add Preset... from the drop-down menu and give a name to the preset.
The added preset is listed at the bottom of the drop-down menu and is recalled by
clicking on it.
The Replace Preset ‣ option helps you overwrite a preset content with the current map view while the Remove Current Preset button deletes the active preset.
All the added presets are also present in the map composer in order to allow you to create a map layout based on your specific views (see Main properties).
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Tools to manage the layers panel are also available to layout the map and legend items of the print composer
Suatu lapisan (layer) dapat dipilih dan digeser ke atas atau kebawah pada legenda menjadi Z-urutan. Z-urutan berarti bahwa lapisan yang terdaftar di bagian atas legenda digambar lapisan bawahnya tercantum dalam legenda.
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This behavior can be overridden by the Layer Order panel.
Layers in the legend window can be organized into groups. There are two ways to do this:
Pilih beberapa lapisan (layer), klik kanan pada jendela legenda dan pilih Grup Terpilih. Lapisan-lapisan yang dipilih secara otomatis akan menjadi satu grup baru.
Untuk mengeluarkan lapisan dari grup, Anda bisa menggesernya keluar, atau klik kanan dan pilih Ubah jadi tingkat teratas. Grup dapat masuk kedalam grup lain.
Kotak centang grup akan memunculkan atau menyembunyikan lapisan dalam grup dengan satu klik.
The content of the right mouse button context menu depends on whether the
selected legend item is a raster or a vector layer. For GRASS vector layers,
Toggle editing is not available. See section
Digitizing and editing a GRASS vector layer for information on editing GRASS vector layers.
Below are listed available options in context menu depending on the selected item.
Enabling the Mutually Exclusive Group option you can make a group have only one layer visible at the same time. Whenever a layer within the group is set visible the others will be toggled not visible.
Saat ini memungkinkan memilih lebih dari satu lapisan atau grup pada waktu yang sama dengan menekan tombol Ctrl sambil memilih lapisan dengan tombol kiri tetikus. Kemudian Anda dapat memindah semua lapisan terpilih ke dalam grup baru pada waktu yang sama.
You may also delete more than one layer or group at once by selecting several items with the Ctrl key and pressing Ctrl+D afterwards. This way, all selected layers or groups will be removed from the layers list.
From the Layers panel, you have shortcuts to easily and quickly edit the layer rendering. Right-click on a vector layer and select Styles –> in the list in order to:
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The previous options are also available for raster layer.
Whether the features in the vector layer have all the same unique symbol or they are classified (in that case, the layer is displayed in a tree structure with each class as sub-item), the following options are available at layer level or class level:
Tip
Quickly share a layer style
From the context menu, copy the style of a layer and paste it to a group or a selection of layers: the style is applied to all the layers that are of the same type (vector vs raster) as the original layer and, in case of vector, have the same geometry type (point, line or polygon).
There is a panel that allows you to define an independent drawing order for
the layers panel. You can activate it in the menu
Settings ‣ Panels ‣ Layer Order Panel. This feature allows you
to, for instance, order your layers in order of importance, but still display
them in the correct order (see figure_layer_order). Checking the
Control rendering order box underneath the list of layers will
cause a revert to default behavior.
Figure Layer Order:
Define a legend independent layer order
This panel can show some statistics on a specific vector layers. The panel allows users to choose:
In QGIS, you can use an overview panel that provides a full extent view of layers added to it. Within the view is a rectangle showing the current map extent. This allows you to quickly determine which area of the map you are currently viewing. Note that labels are not rendered to the map overview even if the layers in the map overview have been set up for labelling. If you click and drag the red rectangle in the overview that shows your current extent, the main map view will update accordingly.
When loading or processing some operations, you can track and follow messages
that appear in different tabs using the Log Messages Panel.
It can be activated using the most right icon in the bottom status bar.
For each layer being edited, this panel shows the list of actions done, allowing to quickly undo a set of actions by simply selecting the action listed above.
Also called Map canvas, this is the “business end” of QGIS — maps are displayed in this area. The map displayed in this window will depend on the vector and raster layers you have chosen to load (see sections that follow for more information on how to load layers). The map view can be panned, shifting the focus of the map display to another region, and it can be zoomed in and out. Various other operations can be performed on the map as described in the label_toolbars description above. The map view and the legend are tightly bound to each other — the maps in view reflect changes you make in the legend area.
Tip
Perbesar peta dengan tetikus
Anda dapat menggunakan tetikus untuk memperbesar dan memperkecil peta. Tempatkan kursor tetikus di dalam area peta dan roll roda depan (jauh dari Anda) untuk memperbesar dan belakang (ke arah Anda) untuk memperkecil. Posisi kursor tetikus adalah pusat di mana perubahan terjadi. Anda dapat menyesuaikan perilaku pembesaran roda tetikus menggunakan menu Alat Peta dalam menu Pengaturan ‣ Opsi.
Tip
Menggeser peta dengan tombol panah dan spasi bar
Anda dapat menggunakan tombol panah untuk menggeser peta. empatkan kursor tetikus dalam area peta dan klik panah kanan untuk menggeser ke Timur, panah kiri untuk menggeser ke Barat, panah atas untuk menggeser ke Utara dan pana bawah untuk menggeser ke Selatan. Anda juga dapat menggeser peta dengan menggunakan bar spasi atau klik pada tetikus: hanya menggerakkan tetikus bersamaan menekan bar spasi atau klik tetikus.
The status bar provides you with general information about the map view, and actions processed or available and offers you tools to manage the map view.
On the left side of the status bar, you can get a summary of actions you’ve done (such as selecting features in a layer, removing layer) or a long description of the tool you are hovering over (not available for all tools). On startup, the bar status also informs you about availability of new or upgradeable plugins (if checked in Plugin Manager settings).
In case of lengthy operations, such as gathering of statistics in raster layers or rendering several layers in map view, a progress bar is displayed in the status bar to show the current progress of the action.
The Coordinate option shows the current position of the mouse,
following it while moving across the map view. You can set the unit (and precision)
to use in the project properties, General tab.
Click on the small button at the left of the textbox to toggle between
the Coordinate option and the
Extents option that displays
in map units, the coordinates of the current lower leftmost and upper rightmost
points of the map view, as you pan and zoom in and out.
Next to the coordinate display you will find the Scale display. It shows the scale of the map view. If you zoom in or out, QGIS shows you the current scale. There is a scale selector, which allows you to choose among predefined and custom scales to assign to the map view.
To the right of the scale display you can define a current clockwise rotation for your map view in degrees.
On the right side of the status bar, there is a small checkbox which can be used to temporarily prevent layers being rendered to the map view (see section Rendering).
To the right of the render functions, you find the
Current CRS: icon with the EPSG code of the current
project CRS. Clicking on this lets you Enable ‘on the fly’ CRS
transformation properties for the current project and apply another CRS to the
map view.
Finally, the Messages button opens the Log
Messages Panel which informs you on underlying process (QGIS startup, plugins
loading, processing tools...)
Tip
Menghitung skala koreksi dari kanvas peta Anda
When you start QGIS, the default CRS is WGS 84 (epsg 4326) and
units are degrees. This means that QGIS will interpret any
coordinate in your layer as specified in degrees. To get correct scale values,
you can either manually change this setting, e.g. to meters, in the General
tab under Project ‣ Project Properties, or you can use
the Current CRS: icon seen above. In the latter case,
the units are set to what the project projection specifies (e.g., +units=us-ft).
Note that CRS choice on startup can be set in Settings ‣ Options ‣ CRS.